Gasification is an important technology for efficiently and cleanly disposing of and utilizing industrial organic solid wastes. It has been widely used in recent years and plays an active role, particularly in reducing pollutants and reusing energy. The gasification reaction is achieved by maintaining a reducing atmosphere, which converts organic components into high-calorific-value syngas. By implementing this method of utilizing industrial organic solid waste resources, we can reduce the demand for traditional energy and chemical raw materials, as well as the exploitation of natural resources. This contributes to the achievement of a circular economy and sustainable development. We begin this paper by discussing the influencing factors of gasification process, synergistic reaction mechanisms, and product prediction. It focuses on reviewing the process parameters, gasifier types, and other factors that influence the gasification process. Additionally, it describes the synergistic mechanism in the co-gasification of mixed materials. Finally, we have sorted out the focuses in the field of industrial organic solid waste gasification in recent years and proposed future research directions, which include constructing a complete synergistic reaction pathway with the help of modern in-situ characterization techniques, analyzing the mechanism of multi-reaction coupling in the process of co-gasification by combining density functional theory calculations and theoretical modelling, optimizing the process parameters of the industrial organic solid waste gasification by using machine learning, and conducting life cycle analysis of the co-gasification of industrial organic solid waste.