The safe and low-carbon treatment of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) is a current challenge for air pollution control in petrochemical, medical and chemical industries. The bio-logical method is a green, environmentally friendly and low-carbon treatment technology for organic pollutants. However, there are few reports on the use of biological technology to treat mixed CVOCs emitted during the production process. In this study, based on the composition of CVOCs in a fine chemical enterprise, the biological treatment of CVOCs was conducted using Roseburia sp. HY-9, Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13, and Starkeya sp. T2 as the specific degrading bacteria for chlorobenzene (CB), dichloromethane (DCM) and dichloroethane (DCE) degradation. The liquid composite microbial agents were prepared in equal proportions to compare the degradation of the three CVOCs under the conditions of single bacteria with single substrate, single bacteria with multiple substrates, and multiple bacteria with multiple substrates. The results showed that the maximum degradation rates of CB, DCM and DCE by the composite bacterial agents reached 11.10 mg/(L·h), 1.98 mg/(L·h) and 3.13 mg/(L·h), respectively, through the mutual collaboration among the three strains. These rates were significantly higher than the biodegradation rate of single strains. Therefore, this study provides suggestions and references for the application of composite bacterial agents in practical industries.