Energy low-carbon transitions have become a crucial approach for countries around the world to cope with climate crisis and promote sustainable development. However, most of the existing studies have analyzed the risks and challenges of the energy low-carbon transitions from relatively single dimensions, such as energy supply or demand security, which will lead to incomplete identification of transition risks. In view of this, by reviewing the evolution of the connotations of energy security, this paper proposes a five-dimensional analytical framework for the new concept of energy security, covering supply and demand security, technology security, information security, market security and talent security. By identifying the risks associated with China′s energy low-carbon transitions, several coping strategies are discussed, including ensuring energy provision to strengthen supply and demand security, taking advantages of coal power to improve technology security, maintaining data systems to safeguard information security, improving market mechanism to preserve market security, and increasing the supply of talents to attach importance to talent security. This paper demonstrates that the new concept of energy security to lead energy low-carbon transitions is of great significance for achieving China′s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and high-quality development.