Livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of lignocellulose and ammonia nitrogen, which inhibits the anaerobic fermentation process and reduces methane production. In order to improve the methane production, the principles and characteristics of physical, chemical and biological pretreatment technologies were analyzed. The development status and application prospect of each technology were discussed. The analysis shows the biological pretreatment technology has the advantages of lower cost, lower energy consumption and environment-friendly, so its application prospect is the best of the three technologies. It is suggested to screen and cultivate efficient biological pretreatment strains and develop composite pretreatment technology based on biological treatment. In order to remove the inhibition of ammonia, highly active ammonia-resistant anaerobic microorganisms can be cultivated to improve the TS concentration of reactant and fermentation volume load. Thus, the scale of fermentation facilities and biogas slurry production can be reduced while ensuring methane production.