In order to understand the pollution and distribution characteristics of heayy metals in the Handan section of the Fuyang River basin, 23 surface water samples of the Fuyang River were collected. The spatial distribution characteristics of 8 metal elements (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Se, Co, Zn and Al) were analyzed. Combined with the surrounding environmental characteristics, the sources of each metal element were analyzed. The pollution status of heavy metals was evaluated by Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. The results showed that the average concentrations of these eight heavy metals in surface water of Fuyang River ranked from high to low were Cr (6.34 μg/L), Se (5.22 μg/L), Al (4.98 μg/L), Ni (2.26 μg/L), Zn (2.20 μg/L), As (1.86 μg/L), Cu (1.61 μg/L), Co (0.20μg/L). The coefficients of variation (CV) ranked from high to low were Al (132%), Cr (84%), Zn (70%), Se (54%), Co (52%), As (42%), Cu (45%), and Ni (25%). By calculating the Nemero comprehensive pollution index, the comprehensive pollution index of surface water in Fuyang River was 0.92 which belongs to the slight pollution level. The main potential contribution factor was Ni. The Kriging interpolation method showed that the contents of Co, Cr, Ni and Se were high in the Fengfeng mining area. The principal component analysis showed that Ni, Se, Co, and Zn came from the discharge of domestic sewage, and Al and Cr came from the industrial pollution generated in factories such as ceramic industry.