In order to realize the resource utilization of kitchen waste, the gas production performance of kitchen waste in Huzhou City was investigated through experiments. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method was used to analyze the environmental impact of biogas power generation from kitchen waste and thermal power generation in Huzhou City. The results show that kitchen waste has good gas production performance, with a gas production of 0.92 L/day. Adding appropriate proportion of sludge can promote gas production. When the ratio of kitchen waste to sludge is 9 ∶ 1, gas production peak of the system will be arrived 3~4 days in advance. Compared with thermal power generation, biogas power generation has higher environmental impact potential. The environmental impact potential ranked from high to low is acidification potential (AP), global warming potential (GWP), human health potential (HTP), and eutrophication potential (EP). The environmental emission reduction capacity of acidification is 93.26% higher than that of thermal power generation.