In order to optimize the risk management system of environmental detection laboratories, the key methods and measures of risk management were discussed from the aspects of risk identification, risk assessment and risk disposal. The analysis shows that the risk identification should not only cover all the detection processes, but also include quality management, file management, environmental health and safety and so on. For better risk assessment, the severity and incidence of risks should be analyzed to determine the risk level. In order to reduce laboratory risk, control measures, such as riskacceptance, risk reduction or risk aversion, should be taken based on the risk level to ensure the accuracy, completeness and reliability of the data.