Abstract:To effectively promote the green and low-carbon transformation of the wastewater treatment industry, accurately calculating carbon emissions from wastewater treatment processes is crucial. Electricity consumption constitutes the primary source of these emissions. During the wastewater treatment procedures, various electrical devices and equipment are used, including pumps for water circulation, aeration devices for oxygen supply, and monitoring instruments. All of these consume a significant amount of electricity, leading to substantial carbon emissions. This study adopted the emission factor method recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to calculate carbon emissions from typical chip wastewater treatment processes and explored the composition of carbon emissions at different treatment stages along with their influencing factors. The results showed that the carbon emissions of chip wastewater treatment processes are generally higher than those from municipal wastewater treatment processes. The carbon emission intensities of seven typical chip wastewater treatment processes (A to G) were 2.20, 2.32, 2.85, 2.58, 2.72, 3.69, and 2.39 kg CO2e/m3, respectively. Among these, process G had the lowest carbon emissions of 1.2×104 kg CO2e/d, with relatively small differences in carbon emission intensity. Its direct methane, nitrous oxide, indirect electricity consumption, and chemical consumption emissions were 3309.3, 2893.8, 3733.4, and 2520.7 kg CO2e/d, respectively, with indirect electricity consumption accounting for the highest proportion at 30%. In comparison, process G achieved an average reduction of 10%, with a maximum reduction reaching 35%. Taking the 5 200 m3/d chip wastewater treatment project from an electronics company in Guangdong Province as an example, process G aims to effectively address the challenges of fluoride and organic carbon/nitrogen treatment, as well as carbon emission control, ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the Class Ⅲ standard of the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838—2002). In addition, the carbon emission intensities per unit of land for process A and G are 0.71 kg CO2e/m2 and 1.93 kg CO2e/m2, respectively, and process G has a high land utilization rate and efficient wastewater treatment. The study′s findings suggest that through in-depth investigation and analysis, the application of new energy utilization models and process optimization methods in the treatment of chip wastewater can significantly reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, promoting the development of the industry in a greener and more sustainable direction. Close-