Abstract:The ozone production rate (OPR), as a key parameter for characterizing ozone pollution, directly affects the intensity and duration of near-surface ozone accumulation. It plays a crucial role in distinguishing the contributions of local photochemical ozone formation and regional transport, as well as in understanding the complex non-linear relationships between ozone and its precursors. In recent years, the increasingly severe global ozone pollution problem has posed a serious threat to human health, ecosystems, and climate. Ozone levels are influenced by a combination of photochemical reactions, regional transport, meteorological conditions, and deposition processes, and they exhibit complex non-linear interactions with precursor gases. Accurate measurement and a deep understanding of OPR are essential for developing effective ozone control strategies and advancing the study of atmospheric chemical processes. OPR measurement methods are generally divided into direct and indirect approaches. Direct measurement systems typically consist of photochemical reaction modules, conversion modules, and detection modules, enabling real-time calculation of OPR. The main challenges of direct measurement lie in the accurate acquisition of Ox concentrations and the precise calibration of gas residence time, which require high-performance detection instruments and optimized system design. Nevertheless, due to their simple structure and operating principles, direct OPR measurement systems have attracted widespread attention from researchers worldwide. By minimizing wall losses, improving residence time calibration, and enhancing Ox detection accuracy, current OPR systems can achieve a detection limit as low as 0.2×10−9 h−1, with an overall uncertainty reduced to 10%. Long-term field observations in the United States, Japan, China, and other regions using independently developed direct OPR instruments have demonstrated the feasibility and accuracy of direct measurement techniques. Indirect measurement methods, which rely on modeling or observed radical data, involve the analysis of ozone formation and consumption processes. Model simulations often underestimate radical concentrations, leading to lower OPR values, while observational instruments for radicals are complex and susceptible to measurement errors. However, with the continuous optimization of models and improvements in radical observation technologies, the accuracy of indirect OPR measurement has gradually improved. Researchers in China have conducted long-term indirect measurements in regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta, generating a large volume of OPR data that provides valuable support for atmospheric chemical research. This review systematically introduces the principles of OPR measurement technologies, summarizes key challenges, current research status, recent advancements, and performance characteristics of both Chinese and international OPR measurement techniques. It also compares different measurement methods and reviews their applications in urban, suburban, and regional background environments, aiming to provide a scientific basis and future directions for the accurate quantification of OPR. Close-