Various emerging pollutants have been detected in organic solid waste in recent years,posing a significant threat to the environment and human health due to biotoxicity, environmentalpersistence, and bioaccumulation. Organic solid waste bioconversion (aerobic composting andanaerobic digestion) is a crucial method for resource utilization and mitigating emerging pollutants.However, there is a lack of systematic summarization and understanding of the characteristics ofEnergy Environmental Protectiondifferent emerging pollutants in the bioconversion of organic solid waste and their degradationpathways. Based on a literature review, this paper summarizes the current research status of typicalemerging pollutants in the process of organic solid waste resource utilization, including persistentorganic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, and microplastics. It analyzes the characteristics ofemerging pollutants in different types of organic solid wastes (food waste, municipal sludge, andlivestock manure). It also explores the effects of aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion onremoving these pollutants and the strategies for improving removal efficiency. Overall, the averageconcentration of endocrine disruptors in organic solid waste (23 158 μg/kg) is higher than that ofantibiotics (12 418 μg/kg) and persistent organic pollutants (1 268 μg/kg), with the averageconcentration of microplastics being 34 703 particles/kg. Antibiotics, used as antimicrobial agents andgrowth promoters, are currently the most studied emerging contaminants, primarily concentrated inlivestock manure, where their concentrations are also higher. Research on persistent organic pollutants,endocrine disruptors, and microplastics, which are produced by industrial activities and daily humanlife, is mainly focused on municipal sludge, where their concentrations are also higher. Municipalsludge and livestock manure carrying emerging pollutants may migrate into crops after land application,thereby contaminating food and derived food waste. Currently, there is relatively little research onemerging pollutants in food waste and its treatment. A review of the literature reveals that research onemerging pollutants in the resource utilization process of organic solid waste spans 33 countries. Chinais the country with the most research on emerging contaminants (accounting for 72%, which may berelated to the number of universities), followed by the United States, Poland, Spain, Canada, andAustralia. Research on emerging pollutants is predominantly focused on anaerobic digestion, thoughthere are regional differences. For example, regions such as Shanghai, Hunan, and Jiangsu in China, aswell as some foreign countries, primarily focus on anaerobic digestion, while regions like Heilongjiang,Henan, and Guangdong in China mainly focus on aerobic composting. The bioconversion of organicsolid waste can effectively control and reduce emerging pollutants in organic solid waste, with aerobiccomposting generally showing higher capabilities for removing emerging pollutants compared toanaerobic digestion. Finally, further research directions regarding emerging pollutants in organic solidwaste resource utilization are discussed to guide subsequent work.