Under the green and low-carbon development goal of achieving "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" in China, cyclical analysis and accurate prediction of carbon emissions are of great importance. This paper investigates carbon emissions in Zhejiang Province. First, the variable mode decomposition method is used to decompose the historical data of carbon emissions in Zhejiang Province, enabling an analysis of its cyclicality fluctuations. Second, the LASSO algorithm is employed to identify the key influencing factors of carbon emissions. Finally, considering the 14th Five-Year Plan and the province′s development trajectory, three development scenarios (normal, low-carbon, and inertia) are assumed, and the GM (1, N) model is used to predict the carbon emissions in Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2030. The analysis reveals that the dominant factors affecting carbon emissions in Zhejiang Province are the proportion of the third industry in GDP, the number of private cars, the total fixed asset investment in the province, the total electricity consumption, R&D intensity, and technology market turnover. Under the low-carbon scenario, carbon emissions are projected to peak at 400.28 Mt in 2030. In contrast, under the normal scenario, carbon emissions are estimated to reach 474.23 Mt, while the inertia development scenario predicts carbon emissions of 568.77 Mt. Furthermore, carbon emissions are expected to continue rising beyond 2030 in the normal and inertia development scenarios. In light of these findings, It is recommended that Zhejiang Province should focus on optimizing its industrial structure, improving energy efficiency, increasing investment in low-carbon research and development, and steadily advancing the goal of "carbon peaking" .