Abstract:The steel industry is a major source of carbon emissions in the global industrial sectors. Driven by the objective of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), researchers and industries are developing technologies that are emerging as key solutions, facilitating the transition between traditional blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) processes and emerging hydrogen-based metallurgy technologies. This paper provides an overview of the current state of crude steel production and its associated carbon emissions. It also discusses their characteristics in the steel industry. Common carbon capture technologies employed in steel plants, including liquid absorption, solid adsorption, and membrane separation methods, are systematically reviewed and evaluated based on their principles, benefits, and drawbacks. Additionally, research progress and representative applications of carbon capture technologies in the global steel industry are summarized. Steel companies and academic institutions are actively developing carbon capture processes tailored to the industry's needs, including chemical absorption and physical adsorption for blast furnace gas treatment. International demonstration projects reveal that conventional technologies, such as monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption, can achieve a CO2 capture rate of 90%, but these technologies require high regeneration energy consumption of 4 - 5 GJ/t CO2. In contrast, ammonium hydroxide absorption processes can reduce energy consumption to 1.5 GJ/t CO2. The Japanese COURSE50 project has achieved a 30% reduction in CO2 emissions per ton of crude steel, while BaYi Iron&Steel has upgraded its molten reduction ironmaking furnace to a European smelting furnace, attaining a CO2 capture rate of over 97%. However, the global average cost of CO2 capture remains high. Current challenges include: (1) increased energy consumption (2.5 - 4.0 GJ per ton of steel); (2) infrastructure limitations, as 80% of steel plants lack CO2 pipeline networks; and (3) insufficient carbon pricing coverage, covering only 30% - 40% of the costs. In the future, technological advancements in novel phase-change absorbents (e.g., eutectic solvents) and metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorption materials are expected to significantly reduce capture costs by 2030 and beyond. This process requires overcoming challenges associated with the collaborative integration of steel plants, chemical industrial parks, and storage sites. For instance, the "hydrogen-carbon co-production" model, a collaboration between HBIS Group and Shell, utilizes captured CO2 for microalgae cultivation and enhanced oil recovery (EOR), thereby establishing a carbon-negative value chain. With the advancement of global carbon neutrality initiatives, the industrialization of CCUS in the steel sector must rely on policy-driven initiatives and collaborative innovation across the value chain (e.g., hydrogen-carbon co-production models). This review offers a theoretical foundation and practical insights to guide the development of economically viable CCUS pathways, accelerating the steel industry′s transition towards carbon neutrality. Close-