As China's urbanization advances, the volume of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collection increases annually. MSW gasification has gained widespread attention due to its large processing capacity, high economic value, and low pollutant emissions. This article explored how reaction temperature and equivalence ratio (ER) influence the MSW gasification process and tar generation characteristics using a fixed bed reactor. Additionally, the slagging tendency and melting process of waste gasification ash under different conditions were studied. The results indicated that higher gasification temperatures promote MSW decomposition and tar cracking, leading to an inereased gas production rate and calorific value. Increasing the ER enhanced the conversion of tar into aldehydes, ketones, and acids while also raising the calorific value. However, excessive ER could result in the oxidation of carbon-containing gases, decreasing the calorific value. Overall, when the gasification temperature was 700 ℃ and the ER was 0.3. the calorific value reached its maximum.X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy and ash melting point analysis showed that the main components of MSW gasification ash were SiO_2, Al_2O_3, and CaO. The hemispherical temperature (T_HT) and flow temperature (T_FT) of the ash increased with ER. Because of alkaline oxides in the ash , MSW gasification ash showed a significant tendency towards slagging under various operating conditions.