The treatment of sulfur-containing wastewater from industries such as petroleum refineries and tanning can result in the production of a significant amount of low-cost elemental sulfur ( S^0 ). In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the use of inexpensive sulfur sources to improve denitrification and nitrogen removal efficiency in wastewater treatment. However, there has been relatively less research on enhancing phosphorus removal through the use of sulfur sources. Therefore, after successfully establishing a denitrifying phosphorus removal system with an influent carbon source concentration of 200 mg/L (in terms of COD), 67.5 mg/L, of S^0 was continuously added to the reactor in each cyele to investigate its potential for enhancing denitrifying phosphorus removal efficieney. The results demonstrated that the addition of S^0 strengthened the reductive environment during the anaerobic phase, facilitating anaerobic phosphorus release. Additionally, it served as an electron donor to supply electrons during the anoxic phase. Furthermore, the addition of S^0 led to a decrease in relative activities among glycogen accumulating organisms, while there was an increase in relative abundance among Thiothrix bacteria, increasing from 18.5% to 23.6%, Consequently, the phosphorus removal rate increased from 92.3%±9.7% to 97.2%±1.9%, with a higher average and reduced fluctuation and nitrate removal increased from 50 mg/L (in terms of N) to approximately 62 mg/L (in terms of N).