Lignin is considered a promising altemative to fossil fuels due to its potential to be depolymerized into valuable fine chemicals and liquid fuels. However, efficient degradation of lignin is limited by its complex chemical structure. In this work , a nitrogen-doped carbon-supported Co-V catalyst was prepared with cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, ammonium metavanadate, and melamine as raw materials, based on the complexation between vanadium and nitrogen, as well as the high stability of vanadium nitride. The Co_1-V_3/NC(30) catalyst prepared under optimal process variables exhibited a high surface area and a hierarchical porous structure with micropores, mesopores, and macropores. The synergistic effect between the active components Co^0 and V^3+, along with the homogeneous dispersion achieved by anchoring of N species, ensured the catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst. The organosolv lignin was degraded over the catalyst under optimized reaction conditions (180 ℃, 0.5 MPa O^2, 8 hours), yielding 86.3% of bio-oil and 28.8% monophenolic compounds, respectively. The reaction mechanism for the cleavage of C_α-C_β bonds in lignin over Co_1-V_3/NC(30) was proposed based on a lignin model compound. The results of this work provide significant guidance for the highly eficient utilization of lignin in the bioenergy field, including the preparation of efficient, inexpensive, and stable metal catalysts, as well as the degradation of lignin into monobenzene ring compounds through catalytic oxidation.