The iron and steel industry is a major contributor to atmospheric pollution within China′s industrial sector. Effective air pollution control in this industry is essential for reducing emissions across all industries in China and addressing atmospheric pollution. In recent years, China has made significant progress in controlling air pollution from the iron and steel industry. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the pollution prevention and control techniques implemented in the industry since China′s "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" . It outlines the stages of development in air pollution control technology, emphasizing three aspects: end-of-pipe treatment, source emission reduction, and integrated process control. The paper analyzes current challenges in achieving synergistic reduction of multiple pollutants and ultra-low emissions in the iron and steel industry. Additionally, considering the goals of the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, including carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets, this paper proposes suggestions to advance scientific and technical progress in air pollution prevention and control. This work will contribute to China′s environmental goals and the pursuit of carbon neutrality. We believe that the iron and steel industry will achieve cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable development through the joint efforts of the government, industry, and society.