Soil remediation industry plays an important role in promoting "double carbon" action and improving soil carbon sink capacity. However, the concealment, persistence and irreversibility of heavy metal pollution make the soil heavy metal pollution in China continuously accumulate, hindering the realization of "double carbon" goal. Immobilized microbial technology is used as one of the bioremediation methods. This technology can reduce the energy consumption and secondary pollution produced by traditional physical and chemical methods in the remediation process. This technology can also improve microbial density and maintain microbial activity. Therefore, it has a broad development prospect in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. This paper firstly introduced the classification of immobilized microbial technology from three perspectives of immobilization methods, carrier types, and microbial species. Then the mechanisms of heavy metal pollution remediation by this technology were summarized. According to different application situations, the selection of carriers and microorganisms is of great importance. So, this paper also summarized the research development status of immobilized microbial technology in the last five years. Studies have shown that this technology can effectively remediate heavy metal contaminated soil. New carriers and new microorganisms have been developed to satisfy a variety of applications. The technology can also be combined with phytoremediation technology to achieve a more low-carbon remediation effect. Considering the future development potential of this technology, this paper also proposes the development direction of immobilized microbial technology. It is expected to provide a reference for the development of immobilized microbial technology for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.